or, the boundaries of applicability (the truth-value) of a concept can vary in degrees, according to different conditions. Giles, "A fuzzy logic approach to modelling the New Zealand underground economy.".
Very likely a special court ruling wil have to set a norm. Their products are chosen by online votes which brings home a kind of warm and fuzzy “we all did this!”.
Cookie Preferences [167] For example, fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis ("fsQCA") has been used by German researchers to study problems posed by ethnic diversity in Latin America. Train exhaust with fuzzy sound. Learning something new, or trying to create something new, is rarely a completely formal-logical or linear process, there are not only "knowns" and "unknowns" involved, but also "partly known" phenomena, i.e. (of an image) having shapes that do not have clear edges, or (of a sound, especially from a….
If (say) an entity X turns out to belong for 65% to category Y, and for 35% to category Z, how should X be allocated? Sometimes the term is also used in a pejorative sense. This email address doesn’t appear to be valid. She wrapped her shawl about her stately head, smoothed back the fuzzy red-gold locks, and went out into the desolate winter night. [222] It may be that the personal meanings which people attach to something are quite clear to the persons themselves, but that it is not possible to communicate those meanings to others except as fuzzy concepts. de Groot, "Sociology of religion looks at psychotherapy.". The ordinary scholarly definition of a concept as "fuzzy" has been in use from the 1970s onward. To illustrate the ontological issues, cosmologist Max Tegmark argues boldly that the universe consists of math: "If you accept the idea that both space itself, and all the stuff in space, have no properties at all except mathematical properties," then the idea that everything is mathematical "starts to sound a little bit less insane."[157]. They are not primarily concerned with all kinds of imaginative frameworks associated with the concept, or with those aspects of the concept which seem to have no particular functional purpose – however entertaining they might be. ), The vast majority of scientific or scholarly users of the idea of fuzzy concepts refer to scaled (graded) characteristics, and not to the variations in the. Yet despite this limitation, such concepts are not meaningless. At a certain level of generality, a distinction works fine. [130] A concept can be clear enough, but not (or not sufficiently) precise.
For example, a New York Times journalist wrote that Prince Sihanouk "seems unable to differentiate between friends and enemies, a disturbing trait since it suggests that he stands for nothing beyond the fuzzy concept of peace and prosperity in Cambodia".[179]. (eds.). [120] Provided that the right kinds of analytical concepts are used, it is now technically possible to draw definite and important conclusions about gradations of human and natural behaviour using very large fuzzy data sets and fuzzy programming – and increasingly it can be done very fast. Newspaper stories frequently contain fuzzy concepts, which are readily understood and used, even although they are far from exact. "[181] That might help to explain why fuzzy logic has not been used much to formalize concepts in the "soft" social sciences. "Fuzzy risk scores" are used by project managers and portfolio managers to express financial risk assessments. A correct, precise statement would require a lot of elaborations and qualifiers. Reasoning which accepts and uses fuzzy concepts can be shown to be perfectly valid with the aid of fuzzy logic, because the degrees of applicability of a concept can be more precisely and efficiently defined with the aid of numerical notation. In this sense, scientists often use proxy variables to substitute as measures for variables which are known (or thought) to be there, but which themselves cannot be observed or measured directly. [104] Another Trump adviser criticized Conway, claiming that she "produces an analysis that buries every terrible number and highlights every positive number"[105], In a video interview published by The Guardian in March 2018, whistleblower Christopher Wylie called Cambridge Analytica a "full-service propaganda machine" rather than a bona fide data science company. Yet although people might not be aware of it, the use of fuzzy concepts has risen gigantically in all walks of life from the 1970s onward. Fuzzy reasoning (i.e., reasoning with graded concepts) turns out to have many practical uses. [58] The idea became so popular in Japan, that the English word entered Japanese language (ファジィ概念). © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Scientists often try things out on the basis of "hunches", and processes like serendipity can play a role. The hypnotherapist Milton H. Erickson noted likewise that the conscious mind and the unconscious normally interact.[195]. Then he was clutching the Fuzzy and disarming him; the weapon was a quarter-pound ballpeen hammer. S. Rahman & J. Redmond, "Hugh MacColl and the Birth of Logical Pluralism". C. A. Drossos, "Foundations of fuzzy sets: A nonstandard approach".
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