The Mirador de Cóndores (English: "Condor Viewpoint") is the highest point of the páramo and offers a view on the Laguna Negra. [16] In the vicinity of the area of Ocetá, to the southwest in Iza and Paipa for the Eastern Cordillera unique volcanic and magmatic activity is noted from 4.7 to 2.1 Ma. [1] It is a "Neotropical high mountain biome with a vegetation composed mainly of giant rosette plants, shrubs and grasses". The upper "superpáramo" has scattered tussocks of grass. In Venezuela, the páramo occurs in the Cordillera de Mérida. [2] [4] Boyacá is the department where 18.3% of the national total area is located. Sixty-nine species of birds are considered to be "total users" of páramo habitats, with "41 species making it their primary habitat and 16 as indicator species". As more land was needed for cattle, fire was used to clear land, and eventually páramos became excessively burned and overgrazed. This alpine vegetation is characterized by tussock grasses, cushion plants, and the treelike frailejón (Espeletia), a curious-looking hairy-leafed genus of some 50 different species. [2], Endemic mammals include subspecies of the red brocket (Mazama americana carrikeri), and the cougar (Puma concolor bangsi). [11] The term "páramo" is sometimes used to refer to this specific type. [2], The Andes began to rise in the Miocene epoch, but in the north did not reach their present height until the Pliocene during a period of strong volcanic activity between four and five million years ago. 135 genera of vascular plants have been recorded. It covers parts of the municipalities Monguí, Mongua and Tópaga, belonging to the Sugamuxi Province, Boyacá. Most rain falls in May and September. María Euridice Páramo Fonseca (born 1953 in Bogotá, Colombia) is a Colombian paleontologist and geologist.
[5] The Cordillera de Talamanca of Costa Rica and the westernmost part of Panama has páramo. The Santa Marta páramo (NT1007) is an ecoregion containing páramo (high moorland) vegetation above the treeline in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountain range on the Caribbean coast of Colombia. Where the Northern Andean páramo is generally humid throughout the year with moisture delivered in the form of rain, clouds and fog as air masses are lifted up over the mountains, the Santa Marta páramo is similar to the Costa Rican páramo and Cordillera de Merida páramo, where the northeast trade winds create a distinct dry season.
The 5.7-square-kilometre (1,405-acre) Páramo Wildlife Refuge Park in the San José Province of Costa Rica "protects tropical forest areas in the high elevations of the Talamanca Mountains".
Andean condors can be sighted from this viewpoint. They contain many rare or endangered species, some of them restricted to a narrow area of one mountain or mountain range. El páramo de Guacheneque es una reserva forestal y macizo montañoso donde se inicia el nacimiento del río Bogotá, ubicado a 9,5 kilómetros del municipio de Villapinzón en el departamento de Cundinamarca en Colombia, tiene una altitud de 3300 m.s.n.m. She has contributed on the paleontology in Colombia in the fields of describing various Cretaceous reptiles, most notably the mosasaurs Eonatator and Yaguarasaurus, the ichthyosaurs Platypterigius and Stenorhynchosaurus and the plesiosaur Leivanectes Paramo is owned and operated by locals, experts in showing the most breathtaking places our country has to offer. [12] The definition of the Páramos del Norte province differs from the traditional grouping, where the Santa Marta páramo is treated as a separate ecoregion and the Perijá páramo is included in the Cordillera Oriental province. [5] This has altered forest lines, often lowering them by several hundred meters, which has also affected the zoning habitats for many animals. [11], The Ocetá Páramo is part of the El Cocuy sub-basin, an inverted basin in the Eastern Ranges. Along with shrubs, this zone also contains small, scattered trees which gradually transition into the grasses and herbs of the grass páramo above. Soils in páramo ecosystems vary, but most are young and partially weathered. [1] She has contributed on the paleontology in Colombia in the fields of describing various Cretaceous reptiles, most notably the mosasaurs Eonatator and Yaguarasaurus, the ichthyosaurs Platypterigius and Stenorhynchosaurus and the plesiosaur Leivanectes. The Santa Marta páramo has an area of 129,499 hectares (320,000 acres). ), Mesozoic transtensional basin history of the Eastern Cordillera, Colombian Andes: Inferences from tectonic models, Páramo de Ocetá: le plus beau désert du monde, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ocetá_Páramo&oldid=949967169, Articles with Spanish-language sources (es), Articles with French-language sources (fr), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 2,950 metres (9,680 ft) to 3,950 metres (12,960 ft), This page was last edited on 9 April 2020, at 15:08. Chusquea tessellata is characteristic of the Eastern Ranges. …and Ecuador, Alpine meadows called páramo consist of grasses and other herbaceous plants, often with bright flowers; those are surmounted by taller plants, especially the showy frailejones (Espeletia), which grow 15 to 20 feet (4.5 to 6 metres) high and are crowned by large bouquets of long hairy leaves. [10] One of the most complete discoveries in South America, the mosasaur Yaguarasaurus columbianus from the La Frontera Formation, Huila,[11] is mainly found in South America, but has been identified globally. [2], "Paleontología en Colombia: Yaguarasaurus, el mosasaurio de Colombia", A new late Aptian elasmosaurid from the Paja Formation, Villa de Leiva, Colombia, Restos apendiculares de un ictiosaurio oftalmosáurido del Barremiano inferior de Villa de Leiva, Colombia, A new Early Cretaceous brachiosaurid (Dinosauria, Neosauropoda) from northwestern Gondwana (Villa de Leiva, Colombia), Restos mandibulares de mastodonte encontrados en cercanías de Cartagena, Colombia, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=María_Páramo&oldid=966469733, Articles with Spanish-language sources (es), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 7 July 2020, at 09:06. The Costa Rican páramo in Costa Rica and Panama is another páramo ecoregion. [9], Páramos are "sponges"; sources of water for lower lying terrains and the Ocetá Páramo is no exception. [3], Páramo, together with fellow paleontologist Fernando Etayo, collaborated in describing the first dinosaur fossil found in Colombia, Padillasaurus leivaensis from the Paja Formation, close to Villa de Leyva, Boyacá.
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