To be sure, Sanskrit syntax properly extends beyond the kārakas to include concordance (agreement of the adjective with the noun and agreement of the verb with the subject), usage of pronouns and the usage of numerous participles. For instance book is a singular; books, plural. The affixes starting with 'krit' are called krit affixes and words formed by the addition of krit affixes are called kridantas, [words] ending in krit.
In Sanskrit the verb changes its forms in the three numbers – singular, dual and plural – and three persons: Third person, second person and first person. Verbs which admit an object, or karma, are called sakarmakadhātus, or transitive verbs. 1) Consonant Sandhi: a) The third sub-rule of the 2 nd Rule; and b) The 4 th Rule; 2) Visarga Sandhi: The 3 rd , 4 th , 5 th , 6 th and 7 th Rules. This verse is found in the Ramaraksha Stotra composed by Sage Budha Kausika[1]: As mentioned earlier, an avyaya or an indeclinable has the same form in all numbers and cases, and also the three genders.
Compounds are variously classified in four, five or six groups, with further sub-classification. The Aruna Coursebook forms a four to twelve month full-time course in itself, depending on the effort put forth and any previous exposure to this language or familiarity with other languages that may have affinity to the Sanskrit language. This should make it very easy to learn the vocabulary. The first three cases are respectively called nominative, accusative and instrumental cases; the next four are dative, ablative, genitive and locative. Definite futurity, not today (he would donate food on the amāvāsya). This process is so complicated that vibhakti forms are learnt by heart, independently of grammar. Mood captures the 'attitude' of the speaker. The Sandhis are classified as vowel sandhis, non-sandhis (that is rules describing the occasions where sandhi does not occur), visarga sandhi and hal-sandhi (coalescence of final consonants with vowels and consonants).
Taddhithas are not restricted to persons alone. The three most familiar tenses or simple tenses are the present, past and future. The less frequent usages of different cases may be initially omitted. It conveys (according to the sūtra 3.4.8 of the Aṣṭhādhyāyī) the senses of 'upasaṁvāda (contingent promise or reciprocal agreement as in 'If you do X, I will give you Y') and āśankā (apprehension, guess, estimate). Kārakaprakaraṇa is the part of grammar that deals with syntax. For instance, in the sentence, 'The Australian leg spinner carried many cans of baked beans' the word 'baked' describes beans and thus works like an adjective; yet like green, large of fresh, baked is not really an adjective; rather it is closely associated with the verb, 'bake'. External sandhi is more familiar to speakers of other Indian languages. In the above examples, we see that exceptions to the pure, technical rules are found. The examples for the grammar rules in each lesson are taken from the second chapter vocabulary and expressions. Sanskrit Verbs are categorized into ten groups. Śuśrūṣā, the desire to listen, has acquired the meaning of 'service' as a student desirous of learning more would serve his guru with obedience and diligence. This is called Aṣṭādhyāyī because it contains eight chapters; each of these is further divided into four quarters. Some books on Sanskrit grammar mention other moods such as the Injunctive, Optative and Precative. The examples and exercises in the Aruna Coursebook are drawn from the second chapter of the Bhagavad Gita, which is taught completely in prose format, then finally in verse format. Another taddhita pratyaya, 'in' conveys the sense of possession: thus, daṇḍin is somebody with a staff, daṇḍa; guṇin, with guṇa; cakrin, with cakra (Viṣnu) and so on. That was thousands of years ago; Dasaratha is no longer around. It is also one of the most comprehensive grammars of any language in the world. There are two other cases called the locative absolute and the genitive absolute. Such verbs are called intransitive verbs, or akarmakadhātus. The sambodhana prathamā vibhakti is called the vocative. Another common noun derived from the desiderative is 'mumukṣu', the one desirous of mokṣa, liberation. From 'dīp', to shine, is derived 'dedīpyate' [it] shines brightly; and dedīpyamāna, shining brightly. With this quirk of the descriptive lable 'participle' being kept in mind, we will examine the kridantas proper. When two or more words are joined together, a compound word is formed, called samāsa (saṁ, together + as, be) in Sanskrit. Thus, we have the German Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (National Socialist German Workers Party) shortened to Nazi Party using the first two letters of the two words in the first compound. The older names for these tenses were 1st Preterite (Imperfect), 2nd Preterite (Perfect) and 3rd Preterite (Aorist). This presents the yoga discipline as its practitioners in the ancient scriptures understood and practiced. For instance, ‘Rama reads the book’ (rāmaḥ pustakaṁ pāṭhati) is in active voice; in the passive voice, the sentence is rewritten as: The book is being read by Rama (rāmeṇa pustakaḥ paṭhyate). A formal study is taking up in advanced stage. Along with the various vedic diversities, this section also deals with 'leṭ', the Vedic Subjunctive, which turns out to be a composite mood, with six tenses: Present, Imperfect, Present Conditional, Imperfect Conditional, Strong Present Conditional, and Strong Imperfect Conditional – with each of them having two alternate forms in the third person and middle person.
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