divided into three different caste, first, Zamindars of the villages.
According to them, the Hindus were an oppressed class. However, his disciples compiled his teachings after his death. Hunting and fishing were the primary modes of subsistence though evidence of cultivation of wheat, barley, and lentils has also been found in both the phases. The growth of trade also encouraged use of money in place of barters. [22] Kanishka (127–151 CE), an emperor of the Kushan dynasty, conquered Kashmir and established the new city of Kanishkapur. During this period, India lost direct contact with foreign countries, due to the prevalence of feudalism, became more dependent on agriculture, fell backward in industrial progress and, thereby, suffered in foreign trade. If by worshipping stones one can find God, I shall worship a mountain. Therefore, India was a rich country even during this age is a fact. The Muslims, on their part, regarded themselves as victors and enjoyed many privileges from the state. They have supported their view mostly on the basis of references given in various literary writings concerning paintings.
Another great text produced during this period was the Ragatarangini written by Locana Kavi. The efforts of these saints succeeded and Bhakti-cult became the most popular cult of the Hindus at that time and is still the most popular form of worship among the Hindus. The Sultans and nobles kept slaves in large numbers, provided education and gave them training and opportunity to rise in their lives so that many of them rose to positions of eminence in the state.
[89] These percentages have remained fairly stable for the last 100 years. The emperor created a new order commonly called the Dīn-e Ilāhī (“Divine Faith”), which was modeled on the Muslim mystical Sufi brotherhood. It decried several assumptions of other Sufi-orders. He laid great stress on the service of humanity. Answer: Indian or Hindustani music was the outcome of the fusion of the Perso-Arabic and Indian classical music styles. Relations between the Hindus and the Muslims. © Copyright 2009-2019 GKToday | All Rights Reserved, Summits and Conferences in Current Affairs MCQs, Science & Technology Current Affairs MCQs, Important Days and Events Current Affairs MCQs, Awards, Honours & Persons in News Current Affairs MCQs, Environment & Biodiversity Current Affairs MCQs, Business, Economy & Banking Current Affairs MCQs, Government Schemes [India & States] Current Affairs MCQs, India Current Affairs [Nation & States] MCQs. They regarded Desire as the primary enemy of human being and therefore, emphasised on giving it up. 1895. There was a significant increase in positivity towards asylum, Muslims and Islam have been at the center of some of the most vital post-9/11 debates. Question 2. They occupied important positions in the valley while some tookto the. The caste-system of the Hindus affected the Muslims also particularly Indian Muslims. They however did not believe in Namaz (daily prayers), Rauzas (fasts) and pilgrimage to Haj. The Rajput style of miniature painting continued in the Sultanate period. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBamzai1974 (, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFTalbotSingh2009 (. First phase (c. 2920 BCE) at Burzahom is marked by mud plastered pit dwellings, coarse pottery and stone tools. The shift in the attitude toward trade in the course of the 17th century owed a good deal to the growing Iranian influence in the Mughal court. Besides, some new techniques were evolved in the production of carpets and the cultivation of silk-worms was also introduced in India during this very period. Firuz Shah Bahmani and Mahmud Shah Bahmani were devoted to music. Answer: Aristocracy was the most powerful social group because they had wealth and power. The Sufi saints led a simple or rather ascetic life and believed in renunciation of all worldly possessions and pleasures. There was liberal use of floral and geometric designs.
For the rest of them, meat was their desired food. Eminent European scholars like Weber and Grierson expressed that the idea of Bhakti as a means to attain salvation and the monotheistic doctrine of Hinduism have been borrowed by the Hindus from Christianity. Kabir was against priestly rituals, the caste-system and differences of religions.
They preferred to live in cities or near them. The port of Rander in Gujarat received all sorts of articles from China and Malacca islands from where they were sent to all parts of India. Ghiyasuddin Tughluq was, however, against music and banned it within his kingdom. What was the chief source of revenue for the government?
However, the novelties of this period were the progress of Sufism among the Muslims and the Bhakti movement among the Hindus.
(c) Painting : The Turkish rulers were not much interested in Painting but the Rajput style of miniature painting continued in the Sultanate period. which were responsible for production in different fields were placed among the Shudras who had no chance of improving their social status.
Of course, changes were there but this alone was not sufficient for the progress of society. He travelled all over India though passed most of his life-time at Puri in Orissa. Several of his disciples came to India and preached the philosophy of Sufism here. Another major development of Sher Shah’s brief period—namely, the building of a network of roads to improve the connections already started by Bābur between Hindustan and the great trading routes extending into central and western Asia via Kabul and Kandahār—foreshadowed in a measure the later imperial edifice and economy. They were pioneers of the Bhakti movement but they could not popularise the movement very much. [43][41] Rinchana's conversion to Islam is a subject of Kashmiri folklore. Explain how new customs and practices changed the traditional lifestyle of the Indians. However, a small section of saints, philosophers and scholars emphasised the necessity of a life of harmony between the Hindus and the Muslims.
Several eminent musicians like Baksu and, probably, Baiju-Bavvra also received patronage from Raja Man Singh. Thus, India possessed all natural resources which were fruitfully utilised by its people and that resulted in such a large quantity of production of every thing which was not only sufficient for the consumption of its people but also left a large surplus for foreign export. However, they were subjugated by his son Hasan Khan who took over as ruler in 1472 CE. [31] Kashmir Shaivism was adopted by the common masses of Kashmir and strongly influenced Shaivism in Southern India. Ans. He believed in leading a simple, honest and virtuous life and emphasised on charity, kindness, generosity, truth and moral life. Thus, it can be reasonably accepted that the relations between the Hindus and the Muslims were mostly that of conflict, the primary responsibility of which rested with the ruling class and the Ulema. Hindus and Muslims influenced each others’ customs and traditions. They observed Tauba (repentance over bad deeds), Vara (non-acceptance of what was not given freely), Juhud (kindness), Fakar (poverty), Sabr (tolerance), Tauba (repentance of obligation), Khauf (fear), Raj (Hope), Tawakhul (contentment) and Riza (surrender to God) in order to achieve Vasl (salvation). Under the Delhi Sultanate, the aristocrats/the priests/ the peasants were the most powerful class in society. Islam prohibits encouragement to music and some early Sultans offered no patronage to it. He studied at Banaras under his teacher, Raghavananda. Medieval Indian history spreads over 500 years. Ans. Harihara and Bukka, the founders of the Vijayanagara empire, were also taken back to Hindu-fold. This was, of course, a major weakness of the Indian foreign trade. He, therefore, emphasised on the purity of character and conduct and a high ethical code rather than any dogma or creed of any sect. [62] Many Kashmiri Muslims migrated from the Valley to Punjab due to famine and policies of Dogra rulers. Chaitanya was born at Nadia in West Bengal. Dr Rashid clearly accepts it. Thus, the period of the Sultanate was not that of progress but of decline in the social field. Among these new sects, Sikhism proved to be the strongest. By whom and how was it invented? Subsequent to the commission's recommendation the Security Council, ordered in its Resolution 47, passed on 21 April 1948 that the invading Pakistani army retreat from Jammu & Kashmir and that the accession of Kashmir to either India or Pakistan be determined in accordance with a plebiscite to be supervised by the UN. Devadasi system was another social evil which was prevalent among the Hindus. During which period in medieval Indian history’ was this instrument invented? Answer: (a) Aristocracy : This was the ruling class. Vedas is the reason for religions flourishment. These saints preached their ideas not in Sanskrit but in regional languages of the people. were produced in different parts of India. They either became sati at the funeral pyre of their husbands or passed their lives as women-hermits. [41][42] Rinchana, a Tibetan Buddhist refugee in Kashmir, established himself as the ruler after Zulju. In this article we will discuss about the life of people during the sultanate period.
The Hindu women enjoyed respect in their family, participated in religious ceremonies, were educated and many of them acquired scholarly fame as well. This system, called ẓabṭ, was applied in northern India and in Malwa and parts of Gujarat. The same way, the path of Gyan (Knowledge) could make a person only free from desires and worldly possessions and therefore, was incomplete. India had trade relations with Iran, Arabia, European countries, Africa, China, Malaya, Afghanistan, Central Asia, etc. Like all local zamindars, they paid tribute, submitted to the Mughals, and received a patent of office. The Hindus constituted the majority of the Indian society. [3] When Kashmir had been drained, Kashyapa asked Brahmins to settle there. Koran has prohibited the use of liquor to its followers. However, it has not been accepted that India had lost its prosperity during this age. TOS4. Therefore, education could be provided to them only at homes which could be afforded only by the rich. But no modern scholar takes their view seriously now. West Punjab) handed over to the British, as equivalent for (rupees) ten million of indemnity, the hill countries between Beas and Indus; by the second[57] the British made over to Gulab Singh for (Rupees) 7.5 million all the hilly or mountainous country situated to the east of Indus and west of Ravi" (i.e. Another remarkable and popular saint of Bhakti movement was Chaitanya. Both the Ottoman minorities, who were educated in the foreign and minority schools established in the empire, and the Young Ottomans and Young Turks, who were trained in the Western-style educational system of the Ottoman state, launched political movements. Another innovation was the introduction of the Charkha which, according to Prof. Irfan Habib, was put to use in India sometimes between 12th to 14th century. of religious dogma, were universally respected by the followers. New types of food, such as bread and wine, became a part of Indian cuisine during the Sultanate period. He believed in the worship of Lord Krishna in the form of Srinathji. The Sufis were devout Muslims who moved within the Shariat (laws of Islam) and believed it as the true way to attain salvation.
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